culture of malaysia

Malaysia is a multi—ethnic, multicultural and multilingual society. The original culture of the area stemmed from indigenous tribes that lived there, along with theMalays who later moved there. Substantial influence exists from Chinese and Indian culture, dating back to when trade began in the area. Other cultures that heavily influenced the culture of Malaysia include Persian, Arabic, and British culture. Due to the political structure of the government coupled with the social contract theory, there has been minimal cultural assimilation of ethnic minorities in Malaya and Malaysia.^[164]

In 1971 the government created a "National Cultural Policy". This policy defined Malaysian culture, stating that it must be based off the culture of the indigenous peoples of Malaysia, it may incorporate suitable elements from other cultures, and that Islam must play a part in Malaysian culture.^[165] It also promoted the Malay language above others.^[166] This government intervention into culture has caused resentment among non-malays who feel their cultural freedom was lessened. Both Chinese and Indian associations have submitted memorandums to the government, accusing it of formulating an undemocratic culture policy.^[165]

Some cultural disputes exist between Malaysia and neighbouring countries, notably Indonesia. The two countries share a similar cultural heritage, sharing many traditions and items. However, disputes have arisen over things ranging from culinary dishes to Malaysia's national anthem. Strong feelings exist in Indonesia about protecting their national heritage.^[167] The Malaysian government and the Indonesian government have met to diffuse some of the tensions resulting from the overlaps in culture.^[168] Feelings are not as strong in Malaysia, where most recognise that many cultural values are shared.^[167]